PART III CLOZE (15 MIN)
Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Select the correct choice for each blank.
Normative (规范的，标准的) ethics is concerned with criteria of what is morally right and wrong. It includes the (26)_____ of moral rules that have direct implications for what human actions, (27)_____, and ways of life should be like. The central question of normative ethics is determining how basic moral standards are arrived at and (28)_____. The answers to this question (29)_____ two broad categories -- deontological (义务论的) and teleological (目的论的). The principal difference between them is that deontological theories do not appeal to value considerations in establishing ethical standards, (30)_____ teleological theories do. Deontological theories use the concept of their inherent rightness in establishing such standards, while teleological theories consider the goodness or value (31)_____ by actions as the principal criterion of their ethical value. In other words, a deontological approach (32)_____ doing certain things on principle or because they are (33)_____ right, whereas a teleological approach (34)_____ that certain kinds of actions are right because of the goodness of their consequences.
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